学术预告 | 国金学术研讨会第331期
主讲人:赵博 副教授
主讲题目:资产管理中的重惩罚合约:中国2025年基金费率改革(Penalty-Heavy Contracts in Asset Management: China’s 2025 Fund Fee Reform)
时 间:2026年10月14日(周三)10:00—11:30
地 点:中山大学珠海校区海琴6号楼A426
主讲人简介
赵博,南开大学金融学院副教授。主要从事制度经济学、资产定价与金融计量研究,关注机器学习、人工智能与经济金融研究方法的结合。
在制度经济学方面,研究制度、激励与经济行为之间的关系,以及制度安排对市场运行和经济绩效的影响;在资产定价与金融研究方面,研究股票和债券收益率预测、市场可预测性与投资者激励等问题,并运用机器学习和数据分析方法研究金融市场预测及其经济机制。此外,研究经济学方法论与经济分析方法史,涉及经济模型、制度背景与经验事实之间的关系,以及人工智能和机器学习对经济学研究方法的影响。
其研究成果发表于Journal of Law and Economics, Journal of Empirical Finance 等期刊。
讲座内容
2025年5月,中国基金监管机构对新发行的主动权益基金强制实施了一套业绩费方案,其几何结构颇为特殊:跑输基准三个百分点的惩罚是跑赢基准六个百分点所获奖励的两倍,且费用按每位投资者各自的持有窗口逐笔结算。这一设计超越了对称支点费率——1970年以来美国法律唯一允许的业绩费合约形式——而转向惩罚侧。我们对此类惩罚偏重、按认购批次(vintage)区分的合约进行了建模。该费率表对跟踪方差征税:技能低于某一阈值的经理最优选择是 closet indexing(隐性指数化),而年内风险反应是非单调的——在降级线和升级线附近存在赌博区,在更深度亏损中存在激励死区。逐笔结算使资金年龄成为状态变量:年轻批次面临偏向惩罚的彩票式博弈,而窗口平均则把运气从成熟批次中洗掉。该强制要求规定,头部公司新发主动权益产品中60%须采用该合约,固定费率产品继续并行;在这种部分强制下,基金公司将浮动合约分配给其最强经理,这一背书反转在首批任命数据中可见。福利账目也相应是非对称的:该改革的稳健效应是保护,而非刺激——平庸基金的投资者在其经理转向隐性指数化时获得噪音税返还,而对真正有技能基金的激励效应有限且取决于偏好,来自首年首批队列的证据具有提示性。
In May 2025, China’s fund regulator mandated a performance-fee schedule for newly issued active equity funds with an unusual geometry: the penalty for trailing the benchmark by three percentage points is twice the reward for beating it by six, and the fee settles lot by lot over each investor's own holding window. The design moves past the symmetric fulcrum fee, the only performance-fee contract U.S. law has permitted since 1970, to the penalty side. We model such penalty-heavy, vintage-contingent contracts. The schedule taxes tracking variance: managers below a skill threshold optimally closet-index, and the within-year risk response is non-monotone---gambling zones near the downgrade and upgrade lines, an incentive dead zone in deeper losses. Lot-by-lot settlement makes money age a state variable: young lots face a penalty-tilted lottery, while window averaging launders luck out of maturing lots. The mandate requires 60% of new active equity issues at leading companies to adopt the contract, with fixed-fee products continuing alongside; under this partial mandate, fund companies assign floating contracts to their strongest managers, an endorsement reversal visible in the first cohort's appointment data. The welfare account is correspondingly asymmetric: the reform's robust effect is protection, not stimulation---investors of mediocre funds are refunded the noise tax as their managers closet, while the incentive effect on genuinely skilled funds is limited and preference-dependent. First-year evidence from the inaugural cohort is suggestive.
